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A reality everyday
Ageing Heritage in Algiers is an undeniable reality.
And for good reason, a massive and violent demolition operation entire neighborhoods is currently in development several locations in the capitale.dimanche March 28, 2004.
Declared unsafe by experts of the CTC, these spaces should be now completely Algiers will touch upon the consciences of leaders (and why not the future president!)
on the urgency an implementation plan as "innovative planning." Most buildings in the city of Algiers are in a state of disrepair in particular, proved their obsolescence.
This fact speaks for itself in many places in Algiers. a visible reality in several neighborhoods. Include those of Annassers, Belcourt, Hassiba Ben Bouali, Meissonier, Bab El Oued Casbah ... etc.. Literally, these are all buildings that require waterfront redevelopment policy and planning. Algiers, the city symbol of a society that has resisted colonialism for 130 years, jealously safeguarding its own personality, its habits and its independence, today expressed the need to see its buildings renovated and rehabilitated as soon as possible . She speaks instead of its population attending anesthetized with a sad fact of every day. A heritage
historic, architectural and urban
Algiers is especially the witness and the physical setting of a culture and way of life. The purpose here is not to make a factual history of the capital, but to emphasize how his urban history, social life we are still unclear. This is precisely the evolution of the city's urban fabric, its architecture and organization that can provide support for a preservation project.
The stranglehold on the city of Algiers in 1830 of a colonial power, culture and different interests, marks the end of the proper evolution of the city Muslim. The changes and transformations it will undergo will be as sudden break up until the early 20th century, when investors choose to almost exclusively for new extensions. Begins for the ancient city along the degradation process, a phenomenon that will lead to overcrowding and social segregation of the most obvious.
The territory of the ancient city is now divided into three administrative districts:
At first district is assigned district of the Navy (17.4 ha) also said the former Prefecture. In this neighborhood with some old fabric and wider track lined tall buildings in Europe, a high proportion of old houses remained. Its population was European until early last century, then gradually replaced by the rural job seekers.
the second district called "The Casbah" is assigned the "Jebel" is the upper town. On the urban fabric and architecture changed little, this area has gradually been reclaimed by the Muslim population that it folds up to independence.
the third district, the rest of the Medina shopping area par excellence, despite the great advances in the Rue de la Marine, Bab Azzoun, Chartres, in Lyra, Randon, the Place de Chartres and the Government, the area retains much of its plot and its supporting structures of origin. The Israelites keep it, the Europeans since 1900 is gradually being replaced by rural people.
These three districts are the most overcrowded in 1926 in Algiers. And the only investments that will be made from the beginning of last century will only municipal investments: schools, inexpensive housing ... It is with the "plan to beautify the city of Algiers" began around 1926-30, the city experienced its latest twists old. What we inherit today.
While the city of Algiers has been under severe external aggression, the identity of the old city is still recognizable. His silhouette, his portrait still so important to the maritime towns, it has kept the masses. There is also, and above all the houses listed in their original context, which, despite the degradation, represent a great architectural heritage.
The quality of their construction, ingenuity of the solutions to the constraints (site, climate, humidity, materials, technology, small size) their adaptation to a certain lifestyle, the art of their manufacturers who do not reside only in the decor,
lessons are learned for the future. The major European projects
plan to beautify the city of Algiers in 1926 had developed the main reason for the commemoration of the "Centennial of colonization." For its design, it has been used to impending European architects of great repute in those days, as was the famous architect Le Corbusier. There was talk in the beautification plan of a massive demolition area from the Navy until now the Place des Martyrs. Today, most buildings built in this space (note, Place des Martyrs), as the Treasury, the Casoral, PTT, find their original conception in the plan, which dates back to early last century. The beautification plan of the city of Algiers was not implemented in its entirety, because, believe it is, "the futuristic vision" of its originator, ie the architect Le Corbusier . The latter was an activist of the Unit People, a communist movement, which saw its triumph in France in 1926-30. Le Corbusier did not complete the implementation of the plan to beautify the city of Algiers because of its anti-colonial commitment.
In 1948, another urban planning and development of the city of Algiers was initiated by architect Pouillon. Under this plan, several cities have been completed. One can quote among others, the city Diar El Mahçoul, Essaada Diar, the city of Concord and the Bir Mourad Rais district Climat de France in Bab El Oued. The development plan drawn up (in 1948) for the Governor General Algeria's colonial together all the elements necessary for the creation of a capital.
The return of General De Gaulle to power in France in 1958 was postponed indefinitely the "Master Plan" for General also had a development plan in his head. This was the famous plan of 1958 that Constantine had planned for Algiers, the construction of large housing estates for the "natives." Constantine's plan was made hastily. And in the aftermath, we witnessed the birth of several cities such as Diar El Afia (The Annassers) ECHEM Diar El Bahia (Kouba). Many of these cities were conducted in an emergency for the populations 'native'. The objective of De Gaulle through the plane of Constantine was to weaken the FLN at the time including through economic and social actions.
Following independence
the eve of independence, the population of Algiers was the order of approximately 400,000 inhabitants. In the wake of the departure of the settlers living in the Casbah of Algiers occupied dwellings left empty by the Europeans. The first government of independent Algeria did not see fit to adopt a policy of housing construction in the capital. His primary concern in this area was to rebuild the rural villages destroyed by war. It
team Comidor (the Standing Committee study, development, organization and management) who, during the years 1970-72, for the first time, laid the groundwork for action to save the whole of the Medina taking into account all socio-economic integration in the contemporary city, the goal of placing in total value and its inclusion in the action in the issue of development and management of Algiers. This work ended with a seminar on "the renovation of historic districts in the Maghreb", organized in 1972 under the tutelage of the late President Houari Boumedienne.
The opening speech of the seminar given by Dr. Ammimour, in his capacity as Secretary General of the Presidency and Chairman of Comidor at that time stressed the importance for the life of a nation "safeguarding aware of its historical heritage for both people living there for generations future ". The Comidor has indeed developed a strategy for the development of Algiers to the horizons of the year 2000. This strategy has given rise to the General Policy Plan (POG). This plan took into consideration the construction of a capital of about three million inhabitants. POG designers who have given priority to housing construction also took into consideration the need for a strategy of equipment. Among the latter achieved through the POG, the modernization of road network, including the ring road connecting southern Ben Aknoun Dar El Beida, Highway Eastern (El Hamiz - Bab El Oued), the realization of the complex 5-July along with several penetrating Oued Ouchayeh the Annassers, maneuvers and Fresh-Vallon. A note in passing that the achievements attributed to Comidor encountered a large number of operational difficulties.
Comidor The workshops have been pledged or staff, nor material resources, or autonomous status that a company of this magnitude requires. The authorities were aware of the complexity of the operation and the large number of difficulties. These same authorities, taking into account the worsening situation, then solicited the assistance of Unesco. However, legal obstacles have been organizational and discarded. The assistance of Unesco not based on a coherent legal and administrative system, almost all desired actions have been rendered inoperative. The housing crisis was in the late 70s particularly acute in the capital. The creation in 1977 of the Ministry of Housing has led for the first time in Algeria in recognition of the right to citizens to have a unit in accordance with the guidelines of the National Charter of the year before (1976). The first concern of the Ministry of Housing has been the realization of some 100,000 homes in the space of one year of which 15,000 in several suburbs of Algiers, Bab Ezzouar, Garidi, Mohammadia and Chateau Neuf.
At the dawn of the 80s, specifically in 1984, the planning program director (PUD) developed under the government of Chadli, performed the conversion of agricultural land into building lots. "The PUD has all the deviations and grabbing land," says university architect today. He added that until Now, "the authorities are struggling to implement a policy intended to organize the living and not only ensure the cottage." "The appearance, management, maintenance and comfort are totally excluded from the approach of the authorities," he said. Decay
The root cause of the dilapidated houses in Algiers is the total absence of support for real estate. Law 81-01 for the transfer of real estate has seen the demise of the office of superintendent of buildings and other trustees. This law does not permit the continuation of basic maintenance activities. Add to this, the faculty to use and abuse of any kind of transformation that the citizen has made heritage became private property in the total absence of authorities. The real estate is in danger of Algiers. This heritage is currently in a fragility that risk, any quake, experiencing a disaster.
Ameziane Mokrane expression
